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Guide To Functional Groups By Mayya Alocci

Functional groups are different groups of atoms that characterize a molecule and give it specific chemical reactivity. These groups also serve as basis to name organic molecules. Molecules that have the same functional groups belong to the same class.

Note: “R” notation represents all alkyl groups (any hydrocarbon chain or ring such as: CH3, CH2CH3 etc).

Functional Groups Chart

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CHART

Notes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons with all single bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing a C double bond C. Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing a C triple bond C. Alkyl halides contain a halogen (Group 17 element such as Cl, Br or I). Alcohols contain an OH functional group. Ketones contain a C double bond O in between two carbons. Aldehydes contain a C double bond O in between a carbon and a hydrogen (CHO). Carboxylic acids contain a COOH functional group. Esters contain a COOR functional group. Ethers contain an oxygen in between two carbons. Thiols contain a SH functional group. Sulfides contain a sulfur in between two carbons. Amides contain a CONR2 functional group. Anhydride contain an oxygen in between two C=O groups. Nitriles contain a CN functional group. Acyl halides contain a COX functional group where X is a halogen. Finally, aromatic functional group is benzene.

Practice: Identify and label all functional groups

Identify and label all functional groups practice
Identify and label all functional groups practice
SOLUTION
functional groups practice organic chemistry
Identify and label all functional groups practice
Identify and label all functional groups practice
SOLUTION
functional groups practice organic chemistry
functional groups practice organic chemistry

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LINKS

Organic Chemistry Course

Online Organic Chemistry Tutoring

Transformation Tutoring

References:

Organic Chemistry as a Second Language by David Klein

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