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When iron rusts, solid iron reacts with gaseous oxygen to form solid iron(III)oxide. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction .

Solution:

If the question says solid, we need to write (s) next to the compound, liquid means (l), gaseous means (g) and aqueous means (aq).
Solid iron is Fe(s). Gaseous oxygen is O2(g). Oxygen is a diatomic gas and that is why it has a subscript of 2. You can memorize all the diatomic gases with BrINCl HOF mnemonic. To write the formula for iron(III) oxide, we write out the two elements with their oxidation numbers and cross multiply the oxidation numbers. Fe3+ O2- —> Fe2O3

The equation is Fe(s) + O2(g) —> Fe2O3 (s)
Now lets balance it and get 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) —> 2Fe2O3 (s)

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